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[Gut Microbiome] Rapidly expanding knowledge on the role of the gut microbiome in health and disease

e 2180

Rapidlyexpanding knowledge on the role of the gut microbiome

in health and disease

M.C.Cénit, V. Matzaraki, E.F. Tigchelaar, A. Zhernakova

Abstract

The human gut is colonized by a wide diversity of micro-organisms, which are now known to play a key role in the human host by regulating metabolic functions and immune homeostasis. Many studies have indicated that the genomes of our gut microbiota, known as the gut microbiome or our “other genome” could play an important role in immune-related, complex diseases, and growing evidence supports a causal role for gut microbiota in regulating predisposition to diseases. A comprehensive analysis of the human gut microbiome is thus important to unravel the exact mechanisms by which the gut microbiota are involved in health and disease. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technology, along with the development of metagenomics and bioinformatics tools, have provided opportunities to characterize the microbial communities. Furthermore, studies using germ-free animals have shed light on how the gut microbiota are involved in autoimmunity. In this review we describe the different approaches used to characterize the human microbiome, review current knowledge about the gut microbiome, and discuss the role of gut microbiota in immune homeostasis and autoimmunity. Finally, we indicate how this knowledge could be used to improve human health by manipulating the gut microbiota.

제목

건강과질병에서의장내미생물의역할에대해급격히확장되고있는지식

내용

인간의내장에는다양한종류의미생물이대량서식하고있으며,이들은대사기능과면역항상성을조절하여

숙주로서의인간에서중요한역할을하는것으로알려져있다. 많은연구에의하면장내미생물군(총)(gut microbiome)

또는 우리의"다른게놈"으로 알려진 우리의 장내 미생물(gutmicrobiota)의게놈은면역관련의복잡한질병에중요한

역할을할수있으며,증가하고있는증거들은질병의소인을 조절하는데있어장내미생물의인과적역할을뒷받침한다.

따라서인간장내미생물군의포괄적인분석은장내미생물군이건강과질병에어떻게관여하는지정확한메커니즘의

실마리를푸는데있어중요하다. 메타게노믹스(metagenomics) 및 바이오인포매틱스(bioinformatics)도구의발전과

함께,차세대염기서열분석(next-generationsequencing) 기술의최근진보는미생물군집을특징짓는기회를제공했다.

또한무균동물을이용한연구는장내미생물이자가면역에어떻게관여하는지를밝혀냈다. 이리뷰에서우리는인간의

미생물을특징짓고,장내미생물군에대한현재의지식을검토하며, 면역 항상성과 자가면역에 있어 장내 미생물의 역할을 논의하기 위해 사용된 다양한 접근법에 대해 설명한다. 마지막으로, 우리는 이 지식이 장내 미생물을 조절하여 인간의

건강을 향상시키는 데 어떻게 사용될 수 있는지를 알아본다.

1. 면역항상성과자가면역에서의인간장내미생물의역할

1) 장내 미생물과 내재면역 항상성

2) 장내 미생물과 획득면역 항상성

2. 장내미생물과자가면역및염증질환

1) 장내 미생물과 위염(GI)과 관련된 자가 면역 및 염증성 질환

2) 장내 미생물과 다른 장 질환

(1) 장내 미생물과 류마티스 관절염

(2) 장내 미생물과 제1형 당뇨

(3) 장내 미생물과 실험적 자가면역 뇌척수염(EAE)

(4) 장내 미생물과 비만

[출처: Cénit, M. C., Matzaraki, V., Tigchelaar, E. F., &Zhernakova, A. (2014). Rapidly expanding knowledge on the role of the gutmicrobiome in health and disease. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease, 1842(10), 1981-1992.]

Keywords

#Microbiome #Next-GenerationSequencing #Meta-omics #Autoimmunity #마이크로바이옴 #차세대염기서열분석

#메타게노믹스 #자가면역

#GutMicrobiome #GutMicrobiota #장내미생물총 #장내미생물군

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[Gut Microbiome] Rapidly expanding knowledge on the role of the gut microbiome in health and disease

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